This study investigates the effect of women directors on eco-innovation and each type of eco-innovation (i.e., environmental products, noise reduction, product impact minimization, and renewable/clean energy products) considering the moderating role of three situational contingencies: the presence of a CSR committee, the industry’s environmental insensitivity, and the level of country’s gender inequality in which firms are located. The study adopts social role theory and the contingency theory. We adopted a panel data (with random-effect) approach on an unbalanced panel database of 37,346 firm-year observations regarding 6,677 firms operating in OECD countries and referring to the 2012-2020 period. Our results show that women directors have a positive effect on eco-innovation. The presence of a CSR committee amplifies the positive effect of women directors on eco-innovation, while operating in an environmentally insensitive industry and in a country with high gender inequality reduces the positive effect of women directors on eco-innovation. Some differences emerge when analysing the impact on each type of eco-innovation. This study makes important contributions to previous literature and provides useful managerial and policy implications.