The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is today a topic largely debated in many fields due to the potentially disruptive impact of technology. A domain which is particularly relevant for the significant societal and policy implications of AI adoption is healthcare. Whereas AI can assist health professionals in undertaking time-critical tasks, the adoption of AI is a complex endeavor with multifaceted perspectives. This study aims to present an extensive analysis and a conceptual framework of aspects associated with adoption of AI. We conduct a systematic review of an extensive body of cross-disciplinary literature, and we build an integrative framework describing three categories of factors of AI adoption, i.e. value and risk-related factors, human resource and organization-related factors, and policy and management-related factors. We describe the three dimensions by identifying 9 sub-dimensions, which are concerned with adopting AI. For each aspect, we report highlights and research insights derived from the analyzed literature. The paper has a theoretical value, since it advances the current understanding of cross-disciplinary elements associated to AI adoption, and it elaborates ideas in terms of societal and policy impacts of AI in the health domain. Furthermore, the study provides practitioners and policy makers with a reference model useful to identify and assess the aspects influencing the preparedness of organizations and societies to AI adoption in healthcare.
