This study investigates the relationship between executive function (EF) and entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation while considering the role of uncertainty in the entrepreneurial context. EF encompasses cognitive skills like working memory, inhibitory control, attention, and cognitive flexibility. The research explores whether EF dimensions collectively impact entrepreneurial engagement and how varying levels of uncertainty influence this relationship. A vignette experiment with 200 participants was conducted, revealing valuable insights into the complex interplay of cognitive processes in entrepreneurial behavior. The findings support most hypotheses but also raise intriguing questions about the role of attention and the impact of uncertainty, opening avenues for future research in this field.