The goal of this PDW is to discuss what is entailed in developing theoretical contributions to research, consider alternative forms of inference designed build rather than test theory, and practice identifying and working alternative modes of inference (deductive, inductive and abductive) in developing research agendas and programs for scholars. The hope is to interweave discussion and definitions with hands-on activities and reference to examples of theory building and their contributions in opening up new avenues for inquiry. We will also discuss the expectations that should be set by reviewers and anticipated by authors when it comes to efforts to contribute theory-building manuscripts to the existing body of knowledge. Ideally, individuals will emerge from the workshop with an appreciation for the value of theory building, its distinction from theory testing, and best practices with which to approach it.