In the face of rapid changes and heightened public service demands, fostering Innovative Work Behavior (IWB) has emerged as pivotal for public organizations to enhance performance. This study examines the link between IWB and Organizational Performance (OP) in South Korea's public sector. It focuses on how Public Service Motivation (PSM) mediates this link and how Innovative Organizational Culture (IOC) moderates it. Analysis of data from 4,133 public employees in 47 central and 17 local government agencies confirms positive direct IWB-OP correlation. It also highlights PSM's partially mediating role and IOC's moderating effect. This research provides valuable insights for improving both innovative behaviors and organizational performance among public employees.