Although calls for sustainable human resource management (HRM) are growing, it remains unclear which factors comprise the practices of sustainable HRM and how sustainable HRM advances individual sustainable career success. This study aims to propose and validate an instrument to measure sustainable HRM. In Study 1, we create and validate a sustainable HRM scale that captures three dimensions: environmental rationality, social rationality, and economic rationality, as well as offer a theoretical advancement to the sustainable HRM literature. Using data across four phases (n = 618), we establish factorial, convergent, and predictive validities of the sustainable HRM measurement. In Study 2 (n = 162), we test a theoretical model of how sustainable HRM influences individual career sustainability. Specifically, sustainable HRM correlates positively with perceived career success. Job crafting mediates the relationship between sustainable HRM and individual career success, and individual career adaptability moderates the mediating role of job crafting. Implications and future research are discussed.