The use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) causes more prevailing electronic communication after work, or contacts from supervisors using ICTs for work-related issues after work hours. The current study aimed to advance the understanding of the potential counterproductive outcomes of electronic communication after work. Drawing on the appraisal theory of emotion, we proposed a dual-path model linking it with two performance-related behaviors (i.e., work effort and spending time on nonwork tasks at work [STNT]) through the mediating role of employees’ annoyance, respectively. We further explored the moderating role of family supportive supervisor behavior (FSSB) in the after-work context at the dimension-level. We tested our research model with a multi-source experience sampling method study. The results showed that electronic communication after work was positively related to STNT the next day via annoyance during nonwork time. In addition, two dimensions of FSSB – instrumental support and creative work-family management – exhibited opposite moderating effects on the effect of electronic communication after work. Our work deepens the understanding of electronic communication after work, FSSB, and the roles of discrete emotions in the workplace.
