While extant research has examined the relationships between leader morality and team efficiency and creativity, there is still ambiguity regarding whether leader morality can positively impact both team outcomes. Based on moral foundations theory, this paper investigates the mediating roles of leader rule adherence and supervisory justice in connecting leader moral identity internalization to both team in-role performance and creativity. Further, we introduce leader traditionality and leader modernity as distinct manifestations of two moral foundations sets to moderate these relationships. We initially employ the implicit association test to validate the use of traditionality and modernity as measures of moral foundations. Subsequently, survey data, collected through a multiple-source, multiple-wave design, are utilized to scrutinize the proposed model. Our findings reveal that leader moral identity internalization indirectly influences team in-role performance and team creativity via leader rule adherence and supervisory justice respectively. Furthermore, the study uncovers the positive association between leader moral identity internalization and leader rule adherence is significantly strengthened in the presence of high leader traditionality. Leader moral identity internalization is significantly more positively related to supervisory justice when the leader has a high level of modernity. Theoretical and practical implications regarding leader morality and team performance are thoroughly discussed.